中国导弹部队司令员吓坏了俄国！

中国继续扩大并发展它军事的军事潜力。中国导弹部队司令员靖志远（Jing Zhiyuan）宣布国家战略部队数量上和质量上的现代化。

　　中国政府在20世纪90年代期间制定打造匹配中国世界地位的导弹及核部队的目标。近十年来，中国导弹部队已经经历一些重要变革。中国政府发言人表示，该国的导弹部队已经以信息技术为基础。简言之，中国如今甚至有能力打击美国。

　　中国人为何要提高国家核能力？

　　军事与政治分析研究所军事预测中心主席特斯甘诺克（Anatoly Tsyganok）认为，中国努力成为世界超级大国并决心扩大战略部队以实现野心。

　　这对俄罗斯和美国构成直接威胁。俄罗斯受到的威胁可能更大。俄罗斯与中国的边界超过5000公里。中国人口众多，需要摆脱一些多余的人口。而在这方面，俄罗斯似乎是他们的唯一出路。中国如今状态大好，俄罗斯无法终结其日益活跃的核主动。

　　它的东风导弹系统可以打击莫斯科和圣彼得堡，这意味着中国几乎可以攻击任何一个俄罗斯城市。

　　地缘政治问题研究院的希夫科夫（Konstantin Sivkov）持不同观点。这位专家表示，“中国拥有新式的、可以承载多达十枚弹头的东风10和12洲际弹道导弹。这些导弹相当现代化，但精确性比不上俄罗斯和美国的。它们的保护设施不足以对付预防性打击。换言之，它们可以发起预防性打击，但无法进行报复性打击。”

　　中国之前就拥有核部队，但如今它们联合在一起了。当中包括导弹部队、装备弹道导弹的核潜艇以及太空侦察组。这样，中国如今有能力打击俄罗斯、美国和欧洲。

　　华盛顿和北京在非洲、拉美和东南亚地区有严重分歧。如果与俄罗斯发生冲突，中国不大可能用远程导弹，用中程的东风5和6导弹就够了。

　　政治与军事分析研究所的卡拉姆基恩（Alexander Khramchikhin）认为，中国有多达50枚可以打击美国领土目标的东风洲际弹道导弹。中国有几百枚20世纪70年代开发的中程导弹。

　　与美国相比，中国的核潜力相形见绌，不过它已经变成俄罗斯的严肃竞争者。俄罗斯摧毁自己的中程导弹，而中国却扩大它的战略储备。

　　可以预测，未来中国战略潜力还会进一步增长。例如，中国此刻正积极发展核潜艇和远程巡航导弹。（作者 Sergei Balmasov）

脑内多发缺血灶的一般知识

脑内多发缺血灶就是大家通常所说的脑梗塞。

什么是脑梗塞？ 
脑组织因血管阻塞而引起缺血性坏死或软化，即为脑梗塞或脑梗死。引起脑梗塞的原因包括脑血管阻塞及脑部血液循环障碍两大类。前者是指脑动脉的血栓形成或栓塞。最常见的是在脑动脉粥样硬化的基础上形成血检，或者见于颅外血管壁粥样硬化溃疡斑或亚急性细菌性心内膜炎脱落的赘生物所引起的栓塞。脑循环机能不全引起的脑梗塞亦称为非阻塞性梗塞，从许多脑梗塞的尸检材料统计，发现许多病例经详细检查也未见完全阻塞地脑血管，其中一些病例有高血压或脑动脉的粥样硬化等病变，故认为脑梗塞的发生可能与脑血管痉挛有关，或者是脑血管原有的病变已引起管腔狭窄，在正常情况下尚能维持脑组织的血液供应，当某些原因（如心功能不全、休克）引起较长期的血压降低时，脑组织即因供血不足而发生梗塞。 

什么是多发性脑梗塞 
多发性脑梗塞是指脑内有多个缺血性软化梗塞灶而言，又称为多发性脑软化。除常见的瘫痪、感觉与言语障碍外，还可能出现痴呆。医生们就将这种痴呆称为多梗塞性痴呆(即动脉硬化性痴呆)。 
本病好发于5o～60岁的男性，高血压动脉硬化是主要的病因。本病的病灶越多，痴呆的发生率越高，双侧梗塞较单侧容易发生痴呆。所以，应该积极预防脑梗塞的复发。 

脑梗塞的治疗 （作为一般知识，治疗以医生为准）
治疗原则：尽快恢复缺血区的脑灌注，即血流重建。阻止血栓扩展，缩小梗死范围。控制脑水中，防治脑疝形成，降低死亡率。改善脑循环，包括血流动力学及微循环的改善，促进侧支循环的建立。脑保护治疗，减轻再灌注损伤防止细胞调亡。早期康复治疗。病因及危险因素的治疗，预防复发。各种并发症的治疗。 
⑴一般治疗：尽可能减少搬动，采取头低足高位。有意识障碍者，密切注意生命体征及瞳孔变化。有心肺疾患者，给予氧气吸入。48小时内不能进食者给予鼻饲。注意水电解质及酸碱平衡。预防并发症，注意心肺功能。注意治疗原发病。 
⑵合理降压：是否需要降压。如血压不超过26.7/14.7kpa（200/110mmHg）一般不需要采取降压措施。 
降压程度。已知原高血压水平的，一般降至略高于平时的水平，如不清楚平时血压情况则降压幅度不应大于20％，最高不大于25％，或降至18.6～21.3/12～13.3kpa（140～160/90～100mmHg）。 
降压方法。血压急骤下降显然不利于脑血液循环的自动调节，甚至加重脑缺血，使TIA频度增加，所以应缓慢地降低血压，不宜过猛，一般选用中成药珍菊降压片，2片，日3次。 
控制脑水肿，降低颅内压。 
50％甘油盐水，按1g/kg口服，每4小时一次，或可首次给服100ml，以后60ml一次，每日4次。或10％甘油静脉用制剂500ml静脉滴注。 
20％甘露醇125ml静脉滴注，每4～6小时一次，可和速尿40mg静推交替使用。输入后4小时内如尿量少于250ml，要慎用或停用，检查肾脏情况。 
⑶止血药和凝血药 
虽然一般认为脑内动脉出血难以药物制止，但对点状出血、渗血，特别是合并消化道出血的，止血药和凝血药的应用可能发挥一定的作用。故临床上对脑出血病人仍可选用。 
控制脑水肿：包括高渗性脱水剂(20%甘露醇)、肾上腺皮质激素、利尿剂。醒脑注射液（正在临床观察）。 
⑷溶栓治疗 
溶栓时机：完全性卒中不超过6h，进行性卒中不超过12h。 
溶栓机制：链激酶（sk），尿激酶（uk），人组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA）。重组t-PA（rt-PA），蛇毒制剂，蚓激酶，激肽酶。 
禁忌症：严重且难以控制的高血压，血压大于26.7/14.7kpa（200/110mmHg）。出血性疾病（活动性溃疡，肺结核空洞，血液病等）。严重肝肾功能不全。血小板低于80*106/L。 
⑸扩血管治疗 
补脾治瘫散点滴灌肠，日一剂。 
舒血宁，悦安欣，川芎嗪加入0.9％NS中静滴，10～14天为一疗程。

Water Cube

A semi-transparent "cube", with "bubbles" spread out all over its surface, is a shape very similar to the structure of "H2O", the outlook for the National Swimming Center at the 2008 Olympic Games. After the games, it will become a recreational water park open to the publicIn Chinese culture, water is an important natural element. It creates a calming atmosphere and inspires happiness. Taking full consideration of the functions of water in recreation and bodybuilding, designers have explored many ways for people of different age groups to appreciate its function. The design is called "Water Cube". Many creative designs have been employed in the creation of the swimming pools at the swimming center. Other high-tech facilities including optical devices used to define positions of athletes, and multiple-angle, three-dimensional screening systems are provided to help spectators enjoy competitions.The National Swimming Center, one of the three landmark buildings for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, is located inside the Beijing Olympic Park. Covering a total floor space of 50,000 square meters, it has 17,000 seats. The project costs about US$100 million. The center will be a venue for swimming, diving, synchronized swimming and water-polo games during the period of the Olympic Games. After the games, the center will become a large water recreational center open to the public. In January 2003, Beijing started to solicit design schemes for the National Swimming Center. The international competition settled on "Water Cube" as the winning scheme. It is designed by the design consortium consisting of the China State Construction Engineering Corporation, China State Construction International (Shenzhen) Design Co Ltd, PTW Architects (Australia) and Ove Arup (Australia). The National Swimming Center will be the only landmark Olympic venue that is constructed by donations from compatriots from Overseas

Beijing National Stadium (Bird's Nest/Olympic Stadium)

Beijing National Stadium (Bird's Nest/Olympic Stadium) The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the bird's nest will be the main track and field stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics and will be host to the Opening and Closing ceremonies. In 2002 Government officials engaged architects worldwide in a design competition. Pritzker Prize-winning architects Herzog & de Meuron collaborated with ArupSport and China Architecture Design & Research Group to win the competition. The stadium will seat as many as 100,000 spectators during the Olympics, but this will be reduced to 80,000 after the games. It has replaced the original intended venue of the Guangdong Olympic Stadium. The stadium is 330 metres long by 220 metres wide, and is 69.2 metres tall. The 250,000 square metre (gross floor area) stadium is to be built with 36 km of unwrapped steel, with a combined weight of 45,000 tonnes. The stadium will cost up to 3.5 billion yuan (422,873,850 USD/ 325,395,593 EUR). The ground was broken in December 2003, and construction started in March 2004, but was halted by the high construction cost in August 2004. In the new design, the roof of the stadium had been omitted from the design. Experts say that this will make the stadium safer, whilst reducing construction costs. The construction of the Olympic buildings will continue once again in the beginning of 2005. In depth The stadium's appearance is one of synergy, with no distinction made between the facade and the superstructure. The structural elements mutually support each other and converge into a grid-like formation - almost like a bird's nest with its interwoven twigs. The spatial effect of the stadium is novel and radical, yet simple and of an almost archaic immediacy, thus creating a unique historical landmark for the Olympics of 2008. The stadium was conceived as a large collective vessel, which makes a distinctive and unmistakable impression both from a distance and when seen from up close. It meets all the functional and technical requirements of an Olympic National Stadium, but without communicating the insistent sameness of technocratic architecture dominated by large spans and digital screens. Visitors walk through this formation and enter the spacious ambulatory that runs full circle around the stands. From there, one can survey the circulation of the entire area including the stairs that access the three tiers of the stands. Functioning like an arcade or a concourse, the lobby is a covered urban space with restaurants and stores that invite visitors to stroll around. Just as birds stuff the spaces between the woven twigs of their nests with a soft filler, the spaces in the structure of the stadium will be filled with inflated ETFE cushions. Originally, on the roof, the cushions were to be mounted on the outside of the structure to make the roof completely weatherproof, but the roof has been omitted from the design in 2004. While the rain was to be collected for rainwater recuperation, the sunlight was to filter through the translucent roof, providing the lawn with essential ultraviolet radiation. On the facade, the inflated cushions will be mounted on the inside of the structure where necessary, e.g. to provide wind protection. Since all of the facilities --

restaurants, suites, shops and restrooms -- are all self-contained units, it is possible to do largely without a solid, enclosed facade. This allows for natural ventilation of the stadium, which is the most important aspect of the stadium's sustainable design. The sliding roof was an integral part of the stadium structure. When it was to be closed, it would have converted the stadium into a covered arena; however, the sliding roof was eliminated in an effort to cut costs and increase overall safety of the radical new structure. Beijing National Stadium Bird's Nest/Olympic Stadium Facility statistics Location Beijing Broke ground Dec 2003 Opened Unknown Closed N/A Demolished N/A Owner Surface Grass Construction cost 3.5 billion yuan Architect Herzog & de Meuron ArupSport CAG Tenants Seating capacity 91,000 (80,000 Post Olympics)

The Great Wall of China

It is in the north of China, and if you are in Beijing

you can go to Badaling Hill to see one part of the great building.It is i the borth of beijing,about 18kilometers away from the city center. A Chinese saying goes like that, "you are not a real hero until you have climbed the Great Wall". The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage in 1987. Just like a gigantic dragon, it winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains and plateaus stretching approximately 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years, some sections are now in ruins or even entirely disappeared. However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world owing to its architectural grandeur and historical significance. The wall was originally built in the Spring/Autumn Period, and Warring States Period as a defensive fortification. It went through constant extensions and repairs in later dynasties. In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great" wall until the Qin Dynasty. The First Emperor succeeded in his effort to have the walls joined together to fend off the invasions from the Huns in the north after the unification of China. Since then, the wall has served as a monument of the Chinese nation throughout history. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayuguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. The wall is complemented by defensive fighting stations, to which wall defenders may retreat if overwhelmed. Each tower has unique and restricted stairways and entries to confuse attackers. Barracks and administrative centers are located at larger intervals. In addition to the usual military weapons of the period, specialized wall defense weapons were used. The construction of the wall, drew heavily on the local resources for construction materials, was carried out in line with the local conditions under the management of contract and responsibility system. A great army of manpower, composed of soldiers, prisoners, and local people, built the wall. The construction result demonstrates the manifestation of the wisdom and tenacity of the Chinese people. The wall has long been incorporated into Chinese mythology and popular symbolism. The most beautiful of several legends is about the collapse of a section of the wall caused by Meng Jiangnu, who cried bitterly over the death of her husband in the construction of the wall. This legend has been spread widely through textbooks, folk songs and traditional operas. 参考资料：copied from the internet pages partly

West Lake (杭州西湖）

West Lake "West Lake" redirects here. For other uses, see West Lake (disambiguation). This article is about the West Lake in Hangzhou, China. For the lake by the same name (and same characters) in Japan, see Saiko, Yamanashi. West LakeWest Lake (Chinese: 西湖; pinyin: Xī Hú) is a famous fresh water lake located in central Hangzhou, in Zhejiang province of eastern China. The lake is divided by three causeways called su di (苏堤) , bai di (白堤), and yanggong di (杨公堤). The name "West Lake" (Xi Hu) is also used by a large number of lakes in China and surrounding countries (with 800 West Lakes in China according to Lonely Planet). However, the lake in Hangzhou is the most famous of these, and the terms "West Lake" and "Xi Hu" generally refers to this lake. History One of the major attractions in West Lake: Three Pools Mirroring the Moon islandIn middle of the Tang Dynasty Zhenyuan era (785-804), poet Bai Juyi came to Hangzhou as governor. Already an accomplished poet, his deeds at Hangzhou made him a great governor. He realised that the farmland nearby depended on the water of West Lake, but due to negligence of former governors, the old dyke had collapsed, the water level of West Lake dried out, and the local farmers suffered severe drought. He ordered the construction of a stronger and taller dyke, with a dam to control the flow of water, and thus solved the drought problem. The livelihood of local people of Hangzhou improved over the following years. Now that Bai Juji had more leisure time to enjoy the beauty of West Lake, he visited West Lake almost every day. He ordered the construction of a causeway connecting the Broken Bridge with the Solitary Hill, to facilitate walking on foot, instead of depending on boat. Then he planted peach trees and willows trees along the dyke, making it a beautiful landmark of West Lake. This causeway was later named Bai Di Causeway in Bai Juyi's honour. Over two hundred years later, in the beginning of Song Dynasty's Yuanyou era (1086-1094), another great poet, Su Shi (Su Dongpo), came to Hangzhou as governor. By that time, the farmers suffered drought again, due to overgrowth of the weeds at the bottom of the lake clogging the irrigation ducts. He ordered dredging of the lake and piled up all the mud into another causeway, in the style of Bai Causeway, but much wider and nearly three times as long, he also planted willow trees along its banks. This causeway was later named after him as the Su Causeway. There are six bridges along the 2.6 km Su Causeway. "Spring Dawn on the Su Causeway" is one of the attractions at the West Lake. Ten Scenes of West Lake View of the West Lake from a row boatThe Ten Scenes of West Lake (西湖十景), each marked by a stela with the name written in the calligraphy of the Emperor Qianlong Emperor, are: Spring Dawn on the Su Causeway (苏堤春晓) Orioles Singing in the Willows (柳浪闻莺) Viewing Fish at Flower Pond (花港观鱼) Winery Yard and Lotus Pool (曲苑风荷) Evening Bell Ringing at the Nanping Hill (南屏晚钟) Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake (平湖秋月) Leifeng Pagoda in Evening Glow (雷峰夕照) Three Pools Mirroring the Moon (三潭印月) Lingering Snow on Broken Bridge (断桥残雪) Twin Peaks Piercing the Clouds (双峰插云) - The "Jungfrau of West Lake" Other attractions Yue Fei Memorial HallOther attractions include: Yue-Wang Miao, the tomb and memorial hall to Yue Fei. Lingyin Temple, a Buddhist monastory and surrounding hills and gardens. Longjing tea farms, a rea renowned for the quality of its tea leaves. Galloping Tiger Spring, a spring famous for its water. Tomb of Su Xiao Xiao, a famous courtesan. Tomb of Wu Song, famous for slaying a tiger; destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, and rebuilt in 2004 West Lake in culture Classical Chinese buildings inside the West LakeThe West Lake is said to be the incarnation of Xi Shi, one of the Four Beauties of ancient China. Hence, since ancient times, the West Lake was associated with a large number of romatic poets, profound philosophers, national heroes and heroines. Eastern Jin Dynasty philosopher Ge Hong practiced Taoism in the Ge Mountain, and wrote his great philosophical work: Bao Pu Zhi (抱朴子). Tang Dynasty poet Luo Binwang reclused in Lingyin Temple Tang Dynasty poet-governor Bai Juyi built the first causeway, which the Bai Causeway. Song Dynasty poet-governor Su Dongpo, dredged the lake and built up the Su Causeway, made it into another beautiful landmark of West Lake. He also invented a special recipe for preparing pork: the Dongpo Pork. Dongpo Pork is on the menu of every restaurant in Hangzhou Song Dynasty national hero Yue Fei was buried near the West Lake Lotus in the Breeze at the Winding CourtyardThe great Ming Dynasty essayist Zhang Dai, wrote a number great essays about the West Lake in Reminiscence and Dream of Tao'an (陶庵梦忆), and a whole book: Search for West Lake in Dreams (西湖梦寻). The West Lake has been famous for its exquisite beauty for more than one thousand years. Hangzhou will be the site for the 2006 World Leisure Expo.

中国杭州 天堂美景 旅游圣地 Holy Land tourism

The fairyland filled with poetic dreams（Jiuzhaigou of China )九寨沟